Web Survey Bibliography
OBJECTIVES: To compare 3 communication modes (postal, fax, and e-mail) in a rotavirus vaccine physician survey. METHODS: We used 3 communication modes to distribute a survey to physicians listed in the membership directory of the Georgia Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The directory listed 1391 members; however, 404 were deemed ineligible on the basis of their listing as a specialist, retiree, resident in training, or government public health employee. Of the 987 members expected to administer vaccines, 150 were selected randomly to receive the postal survey (postal group). Of the remaining listings, 488 (58%) of 837 listed a fax number; 150 members were selected randomly and faxed a survey (fax group). Of the remaining members, 266 (39%) of 687 had e-mail addresses listed; 150 members were selected randomly for the e-mail survey (e-mail group). A follow-up survey was sent by the same mode at 2 weeks. A final survey was sent via another mode (mixed mode) at 1 month: by fax to e-mail and postal nonresponders and by post to fax nonresponders and those without fax. RESULTS: Eligible respondents in the 3 survey groups were similar in their practice setting and location. Although the e-mail group had fewer median years (8 years) since medical school graduation than the fax group (19 years) and postal group (17 years), a similar percentage of responders in all groups had computers (>85%) and Internet access (> or =70%) at work. However, only 39% of members listed an e-mail address in the directory. In the 2 weeks after the first mailing, 39 surveys were completed via postal mail, 50 via fax, and 16 via e-mail. In the 2 weeks after the second contact (sent at 2 weeks), 20 surveys were completed via postal mail, 15 via fax, and 17 via e-mail. The response rate after the first 2 mailings was 41% (59 of 143) for postal, 47% (65 of 137) for fax, and 26% (33 of 125) for e-mail surveys. The third and final survey (sent 1 month after the first mailing) was sent by a different (ie, mixed) mode and elicited an additional 73 responses: 19 responses (15 postal, 4 fax) from the postal group, 19 responses (18 postal, 1 fax) from the fax group, and 35 responses (15 postal, 13 fax, 7 e-mail) from the e-mail group. Twenty-three percent (9 of 40) of the e-mail and 18% (15 of 83) of the fax surveys completed were returned on the same or subsequent day they were sent, compared with none of the postal surveys. There were significant differences among the 3 groups for invalid addresses/numbers (4% postal, 8% fax, and 16% e-mail) listed in the directory. Using mixed modes as the third contact, the overall response rate increased from 39% before mixed mode to a final of 53%. On the basis of the 3 initial groups, responses to 1 of 12 rotavirus questions differed significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Future use of e-mail surveys in selected circumstances is promising, because the majority of providers have Internet access and acknowledged interest in participating in e-mail surveys. E-mail surveys could be especially useful if rapid response time is necessary. There were fewer incomplete questions by participants who completed the e-mail survey compared with postal or fax participants. Updating membership e-mail addresses and routinely using e-mail as a communication tool should improve the ability to use e-mail surveys. There may need to be ongoing evaluations that critically evaluate providers' responses to e-mail surveys compared with other survey modes before e-mail surveys can become a standard survey tool. In the meantime, mixed-mode surveys may be an option.
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Web survey bibliography (149)
- A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Incentives on Response Rate in Online Survey Studies; 2017; Mohammad Asire, A.
- Sampling Methods for Online Surveys; 2017; Fricker, R. D.
- Influence of Importance Statements and Box Size on Response Rate and Response Quality of Open-Ended...; 2016; Kumar Chaudhary, A.; Israel, G. D.
- Standard Definitions: Final Dispositions of Case Codes and Outcome Rates for Surveys 2016; 2016
- Are Initial Respondents Different from the Nonresponse Follow-Up Cases? A Study of Probability-Based...; 2016; Zeng, W.; Dennis, J. M.
- Predicting and Preventing Break-Offs in Web Surveys; 2016; Mittereder, F.
- Effect of a Pre-Paid Incentive on Response Rates to an Address-Based Sampling (ABS) Web-Mail Survey; 2016; Suzer-Gurtekin, Z.; Elkasabi, M.; Liu, Me.; Lepkowski, J. M.; Curtin, R.; McBee, R.
- Mode Effect and Response Rate Issues in Mixed-Mode Survey Research: Implications for Recreational Fisheries...; 2016; Wallen, K. E.; Landon, A. C.; Kyle, G. T.; Schuett, M. A.; Leitz, J.; Kurzawski, K.
- Exploring Factors in Contributing Student Progress in the Open University; 2016; Arifin, M. H.
- The quality of responses to grid questions as used in Web questionnaires (compared with paper questionnaires...; 2015; Dominguez, J. A.; de Rada, V. D.
- Nonresponse Analysis and Adjustment in the Follow- Up Study of a National Cohort of Gulf War And Gulf...; 2015; Dursa, E.; Hammer, H.; Kolenikov, S.; Schneiderman, A. I.
- Nannies' Knowledge, Attitude, and Management of Food Allergies of Children: An Online Survey; 2015; Greiwe, J. C., Pazheri, F., Schroer, B.
- 640 Current trends in management of high-risk prostate cancer in Europe: Results of a web-based survey...; 2014; Briganti, A., Isbarn, H., Ost, P., Ploussard, G., Sooriakumaran, P., Van Den Bergh, R.C.N., Van Oort...
- Examining the Effect of Prenotification Postcards on Online Survey Response Rate in a University Graduate...; 2014; Lalasz, C. B., Doane, M. J., Springer, V. A., Dahir, V. B.
- Online Polls and Registration-Based Sampling: A New Method for Pre-Election Polling; 2014; Barber, M. J., Mann, C. B., Monson, J. Q., Patterson, K. D.
- Keeping Surveys Valid, Reliable, and Useful: A Tutorial; 2014; Greenberg, M. R., Weiner, M. D.
- Surveying Louisiana waterfowl hunters: Open web and random mail surveys produce similar responses to...; 2014; Laborde, L. P., Rohwer, F. C., Kaller, M. D., Reynolds, L. A.
- Accessing sexual health information online: use, motivations and consequences for youth with different...; 2014; Mitchell, K. J., Ybarra, M. L., Korchmaros, J. D., Kosciw, J. G.
- Efficiencies of Internet-Based Digital and Paper-Based Scientific Surveys and the Estimated Costs and...; 2014; Uhlig, C. E., Seitz, B., Promesberger, J., Eter, N., Busse, H.
- Does Survey Mode Still Matter? Findings from a 2010 Multi-Mode Comparison; 2014; Ansolabehere, S., Schaffner, B. F.
- Nonresponse and Mode Effects in Self- and Interviewer-Administered Surveys; 2014; Atkeson, L. R.; Adams, A. N.; Alvarez, M. R.
- Assessing Within-Household Selection Methods in Household Mail Surveys; 2014; Olson, K., Stange, M., Smyth, J. D.
- Invitation Design Elements in Web Surveys - Can One Ignore Interactions?; 2014; Mavletova, A. M., Deviatko, I., Maloshonok, N.
- The Effectiveness of Mailed Invitations for Web Surveys and the Representativeness of Mixed-Mode versus...; 2014; Bandilla, W., Couper, M. P., Kaczmirek, L.
- Accuracy of Within-household Selection in Web and Mail Surveys of the General Population.; 2014; Olson, K., Smyth, J. D.
- The effectiveness of recruitment strategies on general practitioner's survey response rates - a...; 2014; Pit, S. W., Pyakurel, S., Vo, T.
- Confirmation Bias in Web-Based Search: A Randomized Online Study on the Effects of Expert Information...; 2014; Schweiger, S., Oeberst, A., Cress, U.
- Completion rates and non-response error in online surveys: Comparing sweepstakes and pre-paid cash incentives...; 2014; LaRose, R., Tsai, H. S.
- African-American breast cancer survivors’ preferences for various types of physical activity interventions...; 2014; Paxton, R., Nayak, P., Taylor, W., Chang, S., Courneya, K., Schover, L., Hodges, K., Jones, L.
- Survey Research Response Rates: Internet Technology vs. Snail Mail ; 2013; Lanier, P. A., Tanner, J. R., Totaro, M. W., Gradnigo, G.
- The internet user profile of Italian families of patients with rare diseases: a web survey; 2013; Tozzi, A. E., Mingarelli, R., Agricola, E., Gonfiantini, M., Pandolfi, E., Carloni, E., Gesualdo, F.,...
- A Comparison of Results from a Spanish and English Mail Survey: Effects of Instruction Placement on...; 2013; Wang, K., Sha, M.
- Intra-individual variation of extreme response style in mixed-mode panel studies; 2013; Aichholzer, J.
- Decision making in web survey participation of undergraduate students; 2013; Fan, W.
- Recruitment strategies of methamphetamine-using men who have sex with men into an online survey; 2013; Wilkerson, J. M., Shenk, J. E., Grey, J. A., Rosser, B. R. S., Noor, S. W.
- When to and When Not to Conduct a Web Survey; 2013; Barna, A.
- Issues of Coverage and Sampling in Web Surveys for the General Population; 2013; Lynn, P.
- Attitudes of Nebraska Residents on Nebraska Water Management; 2013; Dillman, D. A., Edwards, M. L.
- Permission email messages significantly increase gambler retention; 2013; Jolley, W., Lee, A., Mizerski, R., Sadeque, S.
- The smart(phone) way to collect survey data; 2013; Stapleton, C.
- Survey quality prediction system 2.0; 2013
- The E-Interview in Qualitative Research; 2013; Bampton, R., Cowton, C., Downs, Y.
- Methodological Considerations of Qualitative Email Interviews; 2013; Nehls, K.
- Sensitive topics in PC Web and mobile web surveys: Is there a difference? (presentation); 2012; Mavletova, A. M., Couper, M. P.
- The effects of item saliency and question design on measurement error in a self-administered survey; 2012; Stern, M. J., D., Mendez, J. D.Smyth, J. D.
- The cross platform report. Q2 -2012 - US; 2012
- Mobile email opens report 2nd half 2011; 2012
- Boosting Web pick-up Rates by referring to Compliance Principles ; 2012; Falnes-Dalheim, E., Haraldsen, G., Sundvoll, A.
- E-Mail Surveys; 2012; Mesch, G.
- Using Mixed-Mode Contacts to Facilitate Participation in Public Agency Client Surveys; 2012; Israel, G. D.